现行的澳大利亚技术移民离岸申请的签证类是175独立技术移民签证(永久)， 176技术担保签证(永久)和475技术边远地区担保签证(临时). 当然还包括一个476的技术毕业生签证(中国有12所高校的特定专业的毕业生可以有资格申请该签证. 该签证的基本要求和以上3种是不一样。
澳大利亚技术移民条例在2007年的9月1日做了一些调整，这个已经已经被大家所了解。
下面我想向大家介绍一下这个调整以后， 现行的澳大利亚技术移民签证对申请人工作经验的要求和澳大利亚注册移民律师所承担的责任。
澳大利亚注册移民律师受到澳大利亚注册移民律师管理中心(Migration Agents Registration Authority， MARA)的管理， 所有的MARA注册移民律师必须受到移民律师行为守则的约束(Code of Conduct)， 大家可以在以下链接中找到这个行为守则的详细内容。http://www.themara.com.au/articledocuments/code%20of%20conduct.pdf
根据MARA 2006年10月1日行为守则第二章专业行为标准(Part 2 Standards of professional conduct)
原文：
2.3 A registered migration agent’s professionalism must be reflected in a sound
working knowledge of the Migration Act and Migration Regulations， and
other legislation relating to migration procedure， and a capacity to provide
accurate and timely advice.
2.4 A registered migration agent must have due regard to a client’s dependence
on the agent’s knowledge and experience.
2.5 A registered migration agent must:
(a) take appropriate steps to maintain and improve his or her knowledge of
the current versions of:
(i) the Migration Act 1958; and
(ii) the Migration Regulations 1994; and
(iii) other legislation relating to migration procedure; and
(iv) portfolio policies and procedures;
翻译：
2.3注册移民律师必须对移民法律， 移民法规， 其他移民法程序的规定和提供准确和及时的建议的能力有足够的了解来反映其移民律师的专业性.
2.4 注册移民律师必须了解到客户对于其专业知识和经验有依赖性.
2.5 注册移民律师必须:
(a). 有着恰当的行动来保持和提高其对下列文件的最新更新的版本的了解
(i) 1958年移民法令;和
(ii)1994年 移民法规;和
(iii) 其他移民法程序的规定;和
(iv) 相关政策和程序
谈完注册移民律师的责任， 让我们来看看现行的澳大利亚技术移民法规对离岸技术移民申请人工作经验的要求.
现行的澳大利亚技术移民离岸申请的签证类是175独立技术移民签证(永久)， 176技术担保签证(永久)和475技术边远地区担保签证(临时). 当然还包括一个476的技术毕业生签证(中国有12所高校的特定专业的毕业生可以有资格申请该签证. 该签证的基本要求和以上3种不一样， 笔者会在其他文章中谈这个签证).
和中国地区申请人的离岸技术移民签证有关的9月1日的调整有以下.
Skilled - Independent (subclass 136) Skilled 调整为 Independent (subclass 175)
Skilled - Australian-sponsored (subclass 138) 调整为 Skilled – Sponsored (subclass 176)
Skilled – Independent Regional Skilled – Regional Sponsored (subclass 495) 调整为 OFFSHORE (subclass 475)
Skilled – Designated Area-sponsored (subclass 496) 调整为 Skilled – Regional Sponsored (subclass 475)
根据MIGRATION REGULATIONS 1994， SCHEDULE 2 - PROVISIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE GRANT OF SUBCLASSES OF VISAS，
175.21，Criteria to be satisfied at time of application
175.211
Either:
(a)the applicant has been employed in a skilled occupation for at least 12 months in the period of 24 months ending immediately before the day on which the application was made;
176.21 Criteria to be satisfied at time of application
176.211
Either:
(a)the applicant has been employed in a skilled occupation for at least 12 months in the period of 24 months ending immediately before the day on which the application was made;
475.21 Criteria to be satisfied at time of application
475.211
Either:
(a) the applicant has been employed in a skilled occupation for at least 12 months in the period of 24 months ending immediately before the day on which the application was made;
这3个签证申请资格条款的摘选谈的都是工作经验要求，申请人在申请175，176，475签证时，必须满足:
在申请签证前， 在一个技术职业列表的行业上， 有在过去24个月中至少12个月的工作经验.
让我们再来看看9月1日前旧的技术移民签证下的工作经验要求
136.21Criteria to be satisfied at time of application
136.213
(1) (a) if 60 points are specified by an instrument in writing for this paragraph as available for the skilled occupation nominated in the application — for a period of， or for periods totalling， at least 12 months in the period of 18 months immediately before the day on which the application was made; or
(b) if 40 or 50 points are specified by an instrument in writing for this paragraph as available for the skilled occupation nominated in the application — for a period of， or for periods totalling， at least 24 months in the period of 36 months immediately before the day on which the application was made.
138.215
The applicant has nominated a skilled occupation in his or her application.
138.21 Criteria to be satisfied at time of application
138.216
(1) (a) if 60 points are specified by an instrument in writing for this paragraph as available for the skilled occupation nominated in the application — for a period of， or for periods totalling， at least 12 months in the period of 18 months immediately before the day on which the application was made; or
(b)if 40 or 50 points are specified by an instrument in writing for this paragraph as available for the skilled occupation nominated in the application — for a period of， or for periods totalling， at least 24 months in the period of 36 months immediately before the day on which the application was made.
495.21 Criteria to be satisfied at time of application
495.211
(1)(a) if 60 points are specified in an instrument in writing for this paragraph as available for the skilled occupation — for a period of， or for periods totalling， at least 12 months in the period of 18 months immediately before the day when the application was made; or
(b) if 40 or 50 points are specified in an instrument in writing for this paragraph as available for the skilled occupation — for a period of， or for periods totalling， at least 24 months in the period of 36 months immediately before the day when the application was made.
496.21Criteria to be satisfied at time of application
496.215
(1)
(a) if 60 points are specified by an instrument in writing for this paragraph as available for the skilled occupation nominated in the application — for a period of， or for periods totalling， at least 6 months in the period of 12 months immediately before the day on which the application was made; or
(b)if 40 or 50 points are specified by an instrument in writing for this paragraph as available for the skilled occupation nominated in the application — for a period of， or for periods totalling， at least 12 months in the period of 18 months immediately before the day on which the application was made.
这4个签证申请资格条款的摘选谈的也都是工作经验条件.
申请人在申请136， 138， 495签证时， 必须满足，
(a). 在申请签证前， 如果提名职业是一个60分的技术职业，有在过去18个月中至少12个月的工作经验.
(b). 在申请签证前， 如果提名职业是40分，或者50分的职业， 有在过去36个月中至少24个月的工作经验.
申请人在申请496签证时，必须满足
(a). 在申请签证前， 如果提名职业是一个60分的技术职业，有在过去12个月中至少6个月的工作经验.
(b). 在申请签证前， 如果提名职业是40分，或者50分的职业， 有在过去18个月中至少12个月的工作经验.
对比中， 我们可以看到， 现行的技术移民签证对申请人工作经验要求和旧的技术移民签证相比得到了统一. 不论是60分职业， 还是50分， 40分职业， 所有的工作经验要求都是递交签证申请前24个月中要求有至少12个月的全职技术工作岗位工作经验. 而且不论是被州政府担保， 被亲属担保， 还是自己独立申请， 条件都是相同的.
对于注册移民律师来说， 在2007年9月1日前递交的签证申请已经完成， 2007年9月1日后咨询的客户都应该遵守新的技术移民签证要求. MARA注册移民律师有责任和义务来告诉客户在现行的技术移民要求下应该满足的工作经验要求.
对于客户来说， 移民律师对与专业知识的掌握是决定其签证申请成功与否的关键所在， 一个移民律师如果没有最新， 最专业的移民知识对客户来说损失的不仅仅是金钱， 而是一个命运转变机会的消失. Visacorp提醒客户， 如果需要使用移民律师， 应该选择一个MARA注册移民律师. 而在注册移民律师中，选择一个对最新移民法律， 法规有着足够的了解，有着良好声誉的律师是对自己命运的负责.
Liana Allan MARN0104178 MIA 1225
Visacorp Ryan Guo翻译
（责任编辑：泰雅）
